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How protandry and protogyny affect female mating failure: a spatial population model
Author(s) -
Larsen Elise,
Calabrese Justin M.,
Rhainds Marc,
Fagan William F.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
entomologia experimentalis et applicata
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.765
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1570-7458
pISSN - 0013-8703
DOI - 10.1111/eea.12003
Subject(s) - biology , mating , asynchrony (computer programming) , phenology , population , ecology , evolutionary biology , zoology , demography , computer network , asynchronous communication , sociology , computer science
Abstract Population growth and persistence depend on the collective ability of individuals to find mates in both space and time. When individuals are reproductively mature for only a portion of a population's breeding season, reproductive asynchrony can cause mating failure and a temporal A llee effect, which is exacerbated by spatial constraints in isolated populations. However, the effect of phenological variation by sex (protandry, protogyny) in spatiotemporal mate finding is not well understood. Here, we examine the interacting roles of sex‐specific and population‐wide individual asynchrony on female matelessness in spatially isolated populations. By incorporating sex‐specific phenology into a two‐sex reaction‐diffusion system, we explore female matelessness as a function of phenology, movement behavior, and patch size. Although individual asynchrony may lead to female mating failure in small and isolated populations, we find that moderate protandry reduces female mating failure across a variety of scenarios. We go on to examine model behavior for a case study based on the bagworm, T hyridopteryx ephemeraeformis H aworth ( L epidoptera: P sychidae), where many populations exhibit pronounced protogyny. Overall, we find a consistent benefit of moderate protandry, which may mitigate female matelessness for many populations.