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Plasma zinc α2‐glycoprotein levels are elevated in smokers and correlated with metabolic syndrome
Author(s) -
Tsai JawShiun,
Chen SuChiu,
Huang KuoChin,
Lue BeeHorng,
Lee LongTeng,
Chiu TaiYuan,
Chen ChingYu,
Guo FeiRan,
Chuang LeeMing
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
european journal of clinical investigation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.164
H-Index - 107
eISSN - 1365-2362
pISSN - 0014-2972
DOI - 10.1111/eci.12425
Subject(s) - metabolic syndrome , medicine , endocrinology , risk factor , cigarette smoking , obesity
Background Smoking is a strong risk factor of metabolic syndrome. Zinc α2‐glycoprotein ( ZAG ) is a protein involved in metabolic syndrome. This study aims to investigate the effect of smoking on plasma ZAG levels and its relations to metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods A group of 41 cigarette smokers and 47 non‐smokers were enrolled. ZAG levels were measured to correlate to participants’ demographic and metabolic parameters. Results Plasma ZAG levels of smokers were higher than those of controls ( P < 0·0001). Plasma ZAG levels were positively correlated with male gender ( P = 0·0002), number of cigarettes smoked per day ( P < 0·0001), smoking duration in years ( P < 0·0001), smoking index ( P < 0·0001) and nicotine dependence score ( P < 0·0001). In the multiple regression analysis, smoking was a strong independent factor affecting plasma ZAG levels ( P = 0·0034). Plasma ZAG levels elevated progressively with the number of metabolic syndrome components ( P = 0·0143 ) . In the multiple regression analysis, plasma ZAG was an independent factor for metabolic syndrome. Conclusions Plasma ZAG levels are high in smokers and correlate with metabolic syndrome. Our results indicate ZAG is an independent risk factor, but also interacted with smoking, for the metabolic syndrome.