Premium
Role of four‐dimensional echocardiography with high‐definition flow imaging and spatiotemporal image correlation in detecting fetal pulmonary veins
Author(s) -
Sun Xue,
Zhang Ying,
Fan Miao,
Wang Yu,
Wang Meilian,
Siddiqui Faiza Amber,
Sun Wei,
Sun Feifei,
Zhang Dongyu,
Lei Wenjia,
Hu Guyue
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
echocardiography
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.404
H-Index - 62
eISSN - 1540-8175
pISSN - 0742-2822
DOI - 10.1111/echo.13543
Subject(s) - medicine , fetus , fetal echocardiography , radiology , gestational age , total anomalous pulmonary venous connection , color doppler , vein , prenatal diagnosis , cardiology , pregnancy , ultrasonography , genetics , biology
Background Prenatal diagnosis of fetal total anomalous pulmonary vein connection ( TAPVC ) remains challenging for most screening sonographers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of four‐dimensional echocardiography with high‐definition flow imaging and spatiotemporal image correlation (4D‐ HDFI ) in identifying pulmonary veins in normal and TAPVC fetuses. Material & Methods We retrospectively reviewed and performed 4D‐ HDFI in 204 normal and 12 fetuses with confirmed diagnosis of TAPVC . Cardiac volumes were available for postanalysis to obtain 4D‐rendered images of the pulmonary veins. For the normal fetuses, two other traditional modalities including color Doppler and HDFI were used to detect the number of pulmonary veins and comparisons were made between each of these traditional methods and 4D‐ HDFI . Results For conventional echocardiography, HDFI modality was superior to color Doppler in detecting more pulmonary veins in normal fetuses throughout the gestational period. 4D‐ HDFI was the best method during the second trimester of pregnancy in identifying normal fetal pulmonary veins. 4D‐ HDFI images vividly depicted the figure, course, and drainage of pulmonary veins in both normal and TAPVC fetuses. Conclusion HDFI and the advanced 4D‐ HDFI technique could facilitate identification of the anatomical features of pulmonary veins in both normal and TAPVC fetuses; 4D‐ HDFI therefore provides additional and more precise information than conventional echocardiography techniques.