Coronary Sinus Orifice Atresia Associated with Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava: A Case Report with Literature Review

Coronary sinus ( CS ) orifice atresia is a rare malformation, usually associated with persistent left superior vena cava ( PLSVC ). The preoperative diagnosis is very challenging. The only clue for diagnosis is the reverse direction of flow through PLSVC . We present the case of a 69‐year‐old woman with CS orifice atresia and PLSVC . Then, we retrospectively study 99 cases of this malformation, including ours. This malformation is usually associated with the “enlarged” CS (>12 mm) and “small” PLSVC (≤5 mm), with the incidence of 81 and 87%, respectively, from the literature review.