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Real Time Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography for Quantification of Ventricular Volumes, Mass, and Function in Children with Congenital and Acquired Heart Diseases
Author(s) -
Balluz Rula,
Liu Liwen,
Zhou Xiaodong,
Ge Shuping
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
echocardiography
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.404
H-Index - 62
eISSN - 1540-8175
pISSN - 0742-2822
DOI - 10.1111/echo.12132
Subject(s) - ventricle , cardiology , medicine , ventricular volume , radiology , ejection fraction , heart failure
Quantitative measurement of left ventricular ( LV ) volumes, mass, and function is one of the most common and important indications for echocardiography. These measurements are among the most powerful tools for diagnosis and prognosis of congenital and acquired heart diseases and for assessment of medical, percutaneous, and surgical interventions. Awareness is also growing of the importance of right ventricular ( RV ) volume, mass, and function in many cardiopulmonary diseases. Furthermore, there are challenges and opportunities to measure the volume, mass, and function of complex chambers such as the left atrium, right atrium, and the univentricular heart. As echocardiography continues to be the imaging modality of choice for these measurements, the strengths and limitations of M‐mode, two‐dimensional (2D), and recently three‐dimensional (3D) echocardiographic (3 DE ) methodologies for accurate and reproducible measurement of these indices have been extensively investigated for congenital and acquired heart diseases. Evidence suggests that 3 DE provides improved accuracy and reproducibility over 2D methods for measurement of LV volume and function calculation in adults and in children. Data have accumulated on the utility of 3 DE for measuring chamber volumes and function for the RV and for the single ventricle, which may become more widely used in clinical and research arenas in the future. Finally, new advanced modes of analysis such as 3D strain and synchrony analysis by 3 DE are promising methodologies that warrant further investigation.