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Current insights into the epigenetic mechanisms of skin cancer
Author(s) -
Sang Yanqi,
Deng Yu
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
dermatologic therapy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.595
H-Index - 68
eISSN - 1529-8019
pISSN - 1396-0296
DOI - 10.1111/dth.12964
Subject(s) - epigenetics , dna methylation , cancer epigenetics , histone , chromatin , skin cancer , basal cell carcinoma , biology , cancer research , epigenomics , chromatin remodeling , cancer , genetics , histone methylation , medicine , dna , gene , gene expression , histone methyltransferase , basal cell , pathology
Skin cancer is a manifestation of tumors. The different types of skin cancer are named according to their source of tumor cells. Currently, there are three main types of skin cancer. They are squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Their epidemiological characteristics, clinical classifications, and treatment methods are somewhat different. The epigenetic modifications are also different in these three types of skin cancer. Epigenetics is the change in gene expression and function and the generation of a heritable phenotype without changing the DNA sequence. The phenomenon of epigenetics involves a variety of processes, including the methylation of DNA and RNA, histone modifications, RNAi, and chromatin remodeling. Researchers have found that DNA, RNA, histone, and chromatin level modifications cause heritable changes in gene expression patterns. This review will introduce the role of epigenetics in skin cancer from the three following angles: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA methylation.