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Provision of basic services in slums: A review of the evidence on top‐down and bottom‐up approaches
Author(s) -
Devkar Ganesh,
Thillai Rajan A.,
Narayanan Sriharini,
Elayaraja M. S.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
development policy review
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.671
H-Index - 61
eISSN - 1467-7679
pISSN - 0950-6764
DOI - 10.1111/dpr.12355
Subject(s) - top down and bottom up design , government (linguistics) , service (business) , business , focus (optics) , balance (ability) , developing country , public relations , economic growth , political science , economics , computer science , marketing , psychology , linguistics , philosophy , software engineering , neuroscience , physics , optics
This article synthesizes the evidence on the effectiveness of top‐down and bottom‐up approaches in providing basic services in slums in developing countries. The findings indicate that: (1) government‐led top‐down approaches focus predominantly on connectivity, but approaches led by community‐based organizations ( CBO s) and non‐government organizations ( NGO s) improve many additional dimensions of access; (2) legal recognition of slums improves access to services in both approaches; and (3) NGO and CBO involvement results in the right balance between the technical, social and financial resources required for effective service delivery.