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The Gulf Cooperation Council states: Crystallization of the regional cooperation and alliances amid dwindling resources
Author(s) -
Tok Evren
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
digest of middle east studies
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.225
H-Index - 10
eISSN - 1949-3606
pISSN - 1060-4367
DOI - 10.1111/dome.12226
Subject(s) - prosperity , diversification (marketing strategy) , revenue , endowment , per capita , sovereign wealth fund , business , sovereignty , per capita income , economy , international trade , economics , development economics , international economics , political science , economic growth , finance , foreign direct investment , law , macroeconomics , population , demography , marketing , sociology , politics
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states can be divided into two main camps in terms of hydrocarbon endowment per capita which can partially account for differences in policy directions. Kuwait, Qatar, and the UAE (the rich triplet) have small populations while having large hydrocarbon (oil and natural gas) endowments compared to Bahrain, Oman, and Saudi Arabia. Kuwait, Qatar, and the UAE have been effectively using their excess wealth in the form of investment for domestic economic diversification and overseas investments through their sovereign wealth funds (SWFs). Therefore, the rich triplet perceives the upcoming threat of decarbonization of the world's energy system lighter than the remaining members of the GCC in view of their prosperity. The expected decrease in oil demand and revenue within the next decade will put further strain on the relationship between these states.