Images of M uslims in W estern Scholarship and Media after 9/11

This article endeavors to trace changes in the images of the M uslim of the O rient, a product of O rientalism, to contemporary images of the M uslim post 9/11, marking a transition from classical O rientalism to a new O rientalism or I slamism. The study demonstrates how most Western scholarship and media, through the construction of so‐called Islamophobia, have portrayed M uslims in terms of global terrorism, I slamic jihadism, fanatic I slamism, fundamentalism, fascism, and I slamic authoritarianism. Much of the scholarship and media dealing with I slam and M uslims require critical assessment and revision. The article also addresses ways through which M uslims in academia and the media have opposed negative images of M uslims. For instance, in response to the irrational acts of extremists that have fostered negative stereotypes of I slam, public lectures, sermons, conferences, and media programs have recently and abundantly been made by M uslim scholars and media activists to present M uslims positively at both the national and global levels.