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Macronutrient intake, appetite, food preferences and exocrine pancreas function after treatment with short‐ and long‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes
Author(s) -
Quast Daniel R.,
Nauck Michael A.,
Schenker Nina,
Menge Björn A.,
Kapitza Christoph,
Meier Juris J.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
diabetes, obesity and metabolism
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.445
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1463-1326
pISSN - 1462-8902
DOI - 10.1111/dom.14477
Subject(s) - medicine , gastric emptying , appetite , endocrinology , liraglutide , gastrointestinal function , weight loss , glucagon like peptide 1 , gastroparesis , pancreas , type 2 diabetes , diabetes mellitus , obesity , stomach
Abstract Aim To clarify the distinct effects of a long‐acting (liraglutide) and a short‐acting (lixisenatide) glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1 RA) on macronutrient intake, gastrointestinal side effects and pancreas function. Materials and Methods Fifty participants were randomized to either lixisenatide or liraglutide for a treatment period of 10 weeks. Appetite, satiety, macronutrient intake, gastrointestinal symptoms and variables related to pancreatic function and gastric emptying were assessed at baseline and after treatment. Results Both GLP‐1 RAs reduced macronutrient intake similarly. Weight loss and appetite reduction were not related to the delay in gastric emptying or gastrointestinal side effects ( P > .05). Lipase increased significantly with liraglutide treatment (by 18.3 ± 4.1 U/L; P = .0001), but not with lixisenatide (−1.8 ± 2.4 U/L; P = .46). Faecal elastase and serum ß‐carotin levels (indicators for exocrine pancreas function) improved in both groups ( P < .05). Changes in lipase activities did not correlate with gastrointestinal symptoms ( P > .05 for each variable). Conclusions Both GLP‐1 RAs comparably affected body weight, energy and macronutrient intake. Both treatments were associated with indicators of improved exocrine pancreas function. Reductions in appetite and body weight as a result of treatment with short‐ or long‐acting GLP‐1 RAs are not driven by changes in gastric emptying or gastrointestinal side effects.