Premium
Precision medicine in diabetes and diabetic kidney disease: Regulatory considerations
Author(s) -
Mol Peter G. M.,
Thompson Aliza,
Heerspink Hiddo J. L.,
Leufkens Hubert G. M.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
diabetes, obesity and metabolism
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.445
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1463-1326
pISSN - 1462-8902
DOI - 10.1111/dom.13453
Subject(s) - medicine , regulatory science , observational study , personalized medicine , clinical trial , glycemic , population , randomized controlled trial , disease , diabetes mellitus , precision medicine , intensive care medicine , type 2 diabetes , pharmacology , bioinformatics , pathology , endocrinology , environmental health , biology
Over the past 15 years, three new classes of drugs, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors and sodium glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors have been approved to treat type 2 diabetes based on effects on glycemic control. Although large randomized controlled trials have played an important role in characterizing the efficacy and safety of these agents on a population level, questions remain about how best to individualize therapy and target the “right” medicine to the “right” patient. In contrast, few medicines have been approved to treat diabetic kidney disease and initiatives have been launched on both sides of the Atlantic to facilitate the development of effective personalized medicines for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Increasingly, “omics,” imaging and other biomarkers will be used to match patients with therapies to which they are likely to respond best. This review addresses regulatory considerations related to precision medicine, draws lessons learned from other therapeutic areas and discusses efforts undertaken by the European (EMA) and United States (FDA) to facilitate the development of such therapies. Moving forward, an integrated approach that makes use of predictive preclinical models, innovative trial designs, observational “real‐world” data and novel statistical methodologies will likely be needed to complement inherently smaller RCTs conducted in more selected populations. Patient involvement will also be critical. Regulatory agencies are ready to engage in such approaches.