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Glucose‐lowering effects and mechanisms of the bile acid‐sequestering resin sevelamer
Author(s) -
Brønden Andreas,
Mikkelsen Kristian,
Sonne David P.,
Hansen Morten,
Våben Christoffer,
Gabe Maria N.,
Rosenkilde Mette,
Tremaroli Valentina,
Wu Hao,
Bäckhed Fredrik,
Rehfeld Jens F.,
Holst Jens J.,
Vilsbøll Tina,
Knop Filip K.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
diabetes, obesity and metabolism
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.445
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1463-1326
pISSN - 1462-8902
DOI - 10.1111/dom.13272
Subject(s) - sevelamer , medicine , endocrinology , glucagon like peptide 1 , insulin , glucagon , gastric inhibitory polypeptide , bile acid , type 2 diabetes , incretin , gastric emptying , chemistry , diabetes mellitus , calcium , stomach , hyperphosphatemia
Aims Sevelamer, a non‐absorbable amine‐based resin used for treatment of hyperphosphataemia, has been demonstrated to have a marked bile acid‐binding potential alongside beneficial effects on lipid and glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the glucose‐lowering effect and mechanism(s) of sevelamer in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods In this double‐blinded randomized controlled trial, we randomized 30 patients with type 2 diabetes to sevelamer (n = 20) or placebo (n = 10). Participants were subjected to standardized 4‐hour liquid meal tests at baseline and after 7 days of treatment. The main outcome measure was plasma glucagon‐like peptide‐1 excursions as measured by area under the curve. In addition, blood was sampled for measurements of glucose, lipids, glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, C‐peptide, glucagon, fibroblast growth factor‐19, cholecystokinin and bile acids. Assessments of gastric emptying, resting energy expenditure and gut microbiota composition were performed. Results Sevelamer elicited a significant placebo‐corrected reduction in plasma glucose with concomitant reduced fibroblast growth factor‐19 concentrations, increased de novo synthesis of bile acids, a shift towards a more hydrophilic bile acid pool and increased lipogenesis. No glucagon‐like peptide‐1‐mediated effects on insulin, glucagon or gastric emptying were evident, which points to a limited contribution of this incretin hormone to the glucose‐lowering effect of sevelamer. Furthermore, no sevelamer‐mediated effects on gut microbiota composition or resting energy expenditure were observed. Conclusions Sevelamer reduced plasma glucose concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes by mechanisms that seemed to involve decreased intestinal and hepatic bile acid‐mediated farnesoid X receptor activation.