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Skin autofluorescence in people with type 1 diabetes and people without diabetes: An eight‐decade cross‐sectional study with evidence of accelerated aging and associations with complications
Author(s) -
Januszewski A. S.,
Xu D.,
Cho Y. H.,
BenitezAguirre P. Z.,
O’Neal D. N.,
Craig M. E.,
Donaghue K. C.,
Jenkins A. J.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
diabetic medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.474
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 1464-5491
pISSN - 0742-3071
DOI - 10.1111/dme.14432
Subject(s) - autofluorescence , medicine , diabetes mellitus , type 2 diabetes , cross sectional study , retinopathy , diabetic retinopathy , gastroenterology , endocrinology , pathology , physics , quantum mechanics , fluorescence
Aim To measure skin autofluorescence in youth (<18 y.o.) and adults (≥18 y.o.) and to assess its relationship with type 1 diabetes, chronic complications and smoking. Methods In a cross‐sectional study ( n = 383) skin autofluorescence was measured in 269 people with type 1 diabetes (67 with vascular complications) and 114 people without diabetes, covering eight decades of age. Associations of skin autofluorescence with demographics and traditional risk factors were assessed. Results Skin autofluorescence increased with age in people with diabetes: for those with complications it increased by a mean ± se of 0.029 ± 0.003 arbitrary units per year ( r = 0.76) and, for those without complications, it increased by 0.028 ± 0.002 arbitrary units ( r = 0.77). These increases were higher than for people without diabetes, whose skin autofluorescence increased by 0.022 ± 0.002 arbitrary units ( r = 0.78) per year ( p = 0.004). Mean ±se age‐adjusted skin autofluorescence was higher in people with diabetes complications vs people without diabetes complications (1.85 ± 0.04 vs 1.66 ± 0.02 arbitrary units) and people without diabetes (1.48 ± 0.03 arbitrary units; all P < 0.0001). Age‐adjusted skin autofluorescence was higher in current smokers and recent ex‐smokers vs non‐smokers and longer‐term ex‐smokers (1.86 ± 0.06 vs 1.63 ± 0.02 arbitrary units; P = 0.0005). Skin autofluorescence area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve was 0.89 (95% CI 0.85–0.94) for retinopathy and 0.56 (95% CI 0.47–0.65) for nephropathy. Conclusions Skin autofluorescence increases with age, but faster in people with diabetes, particularly in those with complications and in smokers, consistent with accelerated aging. Skin autofluorescence may facilitate complication screening and prediction. Longitudinal studies are merited.