There is value in treating elevated levels of diabetes distress: the clinical impact of targeted interventions in adults with Type 1 diabetes

Aim To compare the effect of targeted interventions to reduce high diabetes distress among adults with Type 1 diabetes with a comparison sample of similar but untreated individuals, and to document the stability of untreated diabetes distress over time. Methods A total of 51 adults with Type 1 diabetes with elevated baseline diabetes distress (distress score ≥ 2.0) and HbA 1c levels (≥ 58 mmol/mol) were identified from a longitudinal, non‐intervention study, and compared with a similar sample of 51 participants in an intervention study. Both groups completed the T1‐ DDS diabetes distress questionnaire at baseline and 9 months. Results Large and significant reductions in diabetes distress scores were recorded in the intervention group (mean ± sd change = –0.6 ± 0.6), while minimal change was found in the non‐intervention group (–0.2 ± 0.6, group effect P = 0.002; effect size d = 0.67). Additional analyses using the established minimal clinically important difference for the T1‐ DDS showed that diabetes distress increased significantly (minimal clinically important difference ≥ 1) or persisted at high levels for 51% of participants in the non‐intervention group, compared with 23.5% in the intervention group. Conclusion Our results showed that targeted interventions led to dramatic reductions in diabetes distress compared with a lack of treatment. We also conclude that elevated diabetes distress, when left unaddressed, does not resolve over time and often remains chronic. (Clinical Trials Registry no.: NCT 02175732)