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Prospective association between late evening food consumption and risk of prediabetes and diabetes: the Whitehall II cohort study
Author(s) -
Færch K.,
Quist J. S.,
Hulman A.,
Witte D. R.,
Tabak A. G.,
Brunner E. J.,
Kivimäki M.,
Jørgensen M. E.,
Panda S.,
Vistisen D.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
diabetic medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.474
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 1464-5491
pISSN - 0742-3071
DOI - 10.1111/dme.13951
Subject(s) - prediabetes , medicine , diabetes mellitus , evening , morning , prospective cohort study , cohort study , lower risk , cohort , type 2 diabetes , endocrinology , demography , confidence interval , physics , astronomy , sociology
Aims We examined whether late evening food consumption was prospectively associated with the risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes in a large observational study of individuals with normoglycaemia. Methods Participants were 2642 men and women with normoglycaemia (HbA 1c < 39 mmol/mol; < 5.7%) from the Whitehall II study. Time of last eating episode ( TLEE ) before the examination day was assessed at baseline. We studied the associations of TLEE with 5‐year changes in HbA 1c and risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes (HbA 1c ≥ 39 mmol/mol; ≥ 5.7%). Potential heterogeneity in the association between TLEE and prediabetes or diabetes was examined using recursive partitioning modelling for time‐to‐event outcomes. Results There was a tendency of an overall association of TLEE with change in HbA 1c but with little effect size [β per 1‐h increase in TLEE = 0.2 mmol/mol, 95% CI −0.0 to 0.3 (0.01%, −0.00 to 0.03); P = 0.055] and no association with the risk of developing prediabetes/diabetes (risk ratio per 1‐h increase in TLEE = 1.03, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.13; P = 0.511). According to the recursive partitioning modelling, women with HbA 1c ≤ 36 mmol/mol and TLEE after 21:00 had a 1.51 times (95% CI 1.16 to 1.93) higher 5‐year risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes than those having their TLEE between 16:00 and 21:00 (35.4% vs. 23.5%; P = 0.003). Conclusions There was no overall association of TLEE with the development of prediabetes or diabetes in the Whitehall II population. However, explorative analyses suggested that eating late in the evening was associated with increased risk of developing prediabetes/diabetes among women with good glycaemic control. Whether restricting late evening food consumption is effective and feasible for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes needs testing in randomized controlled trials.