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Low vitamin D levels are not a contributing factor to higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Hoorn study
Author(s) -
Westra S.,
Simsek S.,
Rutters F.,
KrulPoel Y. M. H.,
Stehouwer C. D. A.,
Dekker J. M.,
Pouwer F.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
diabetic medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.474
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 1464-5491
pISSN - 0742-3071
DOI - 10.1111/dme.13265
Subject(s) - medicine , impaired glucose tolerance , type 2 diabetes , impaired fasting glucose , depression (economics) , diabetes mellitus , odds ratio , vitamin d and neurology , risk factor , type 2 diabetes mellitus , endocrinology , cohort , population , cohort study , cross sectional study , vitamin d deficiency , logistic regression , environmental health , pathology , economics , macroeconomics
Aim To test whether a low serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level explains the greater prevalence of depression among people with Type 2 diabetes. Methods We performed a cross‐sectional analysis of 527 people, aged 60–87 years, who participated in a population‐based cohort study. Type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose and normal glucose tolerance were defined according to the 2006 WHO criteria. The Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression questionnaire was administered, using a cut‐off score of ≥ 16 to determine clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Results Logistic regression analysis confirmed that women with impaired glucose tolerance/impaired fasting glucose and people with Type 2 diabetes did have a higher risk of depressive symptoms [unadjusted odds ratios 3.66 (95% CI 1.59 to 8.43) and 3.04 (95% CI 1.57 to 5.88), respectively], compared with people with normal glucose tolerance. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level was not a mediating factor in the association between impaired glucose tolerance/impaired fasting glucose or Type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms [unstandardized indirect effect 0.001 (95% CI −0.063 to 0.079) and 0.004 (95% CI −0.025 to 0.094), respectively]. Conclusions The study found no evidence that low vitamin D levels are a contributing factor to higher depression scores in people with Type 2 diabetes.