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Ethnic differences in cross‐sectional associations between impaired glucose regulation, identified by oral glucose tolerance test or HbA 1c values, and cardiovascular disease in a cohort of European and South Asian origin
Author(s) -
Eastwood S. V.,
Tillin T.,
Mayet J.,
Shibata D. K.,
Wright A.,
Heasman J.,
Beauchamp N.,
Forouhi N. G.,
Hughes A. D.,
Chaturvedi N.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
diabetic medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.474
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 1464-5491
pISSN - 0742-3071
DOI - 10.1111/dme.12895
Subject(s) - prediabetes , medicine , impaired glucose tolerance , odds ratio , coronary artery disease , diabetes mellitus , cohort , impaired fasting glucose , glucose tolerance test , subclinical infection , cardiology , endocrinology , type 2 diabetes , insulin resistance
Aims We contrasted impaired glucose regulation (prediabetes) prevalence, defined according to oral glucose tolerance test or HbA 1c values, and studied cross‐sectional associations between prediabetes and subclinical/clinical cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) in a cohort of European and South Asian origin. Methods For 682 European and 520 South Asian men and women, aged 58–85 years, glycaemic status was determined by oral glucose tolerance test or HbA 1c thresholds. Questionnaires, record review, coronary artery calcification scores and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging established clinical plus subclinical coronary heart and cerebrovascular disease. Results Prediabetes was more prevalent in South Asian participants when defined by HbA 1c rather than by oral glucose tolerance test criteria. Accounting for age, sex, smoking, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and waist–hip ratio, prediabetes was associated with coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in European participants, most obviously when defined by HbA 1c rather than by oral glucose tolerance test [odds ratios for HbA 1c ‐defined prediabetes 1.60 (95% CI 1.07, 2.39) for coronary heart disease and 1.57 (95% CI 1.00, 2.51) for cerebrovascular disease]. By contrast, non‐significant associations were present between oral glucose tolerance test‐defined prediabetes only and coronary heart disease [odds ratio 1.41 (95% CI 0.84, 2.36)] and HbA 1c ‐defined prediabetes only and cerebrovascular disease [odds ratio 1.39 (95% CI 0.69, 2.78)] in South Asian participants. Prediabetes defined by HbA 1c or oral glucose tolerance test criteria was associated with cardiovascular disease (defined as coronary heart and/or cerebrovascular disease) in Europeans [odds ratio 1.95 (95% CI 1.31, 2.91) for HbA 1c prediabetes criteria] but not in South Asian participants [odds ratio 1.00 (95% CI 0.62, 2.66); ethnicity interaction P = 0.04]. Conclusions Prediabetes appeared to be less associated with cardiovascular disease in the South Asian than in the European group. These findings have implications for screening, and early cardiovascular prevention strategies in South Asian populations.