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Bioimpedance phase angle indicates catabolism in Type 2 diabetes
Author(s) -
Dittmar M.,
Reber H.,
Kahaly G. J.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
diabetic medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.474
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 1464-5491
pISSN - 0742-3071
DOI - 10.1111/dme.12710
Subject(s) - medicine , phase angle (astronomy) , diabetes mellitus , type 2 diabetes , body mass index , phase (matter) , endocrinology , catabolism , type 1 diabetes , metabolism , chemistry , physics , organic chemistry , astronomy
Aims Body cell mass is directly proportional to the bioimpedance phase‐angle which is an indicator of the amount of electrical charge that cell membranes can hold and is an index of cellular health and function. To evaluate whether the bioimpedance phase angle is relevant for indicating catabolism in people with diabetes and whether it discriminates between people with diabetes receiving different types of therapy. Methods A cross‐sectional study was performed in 182 people with Type 2 diabetes and 107 age‐ and BMI ‐matched control subjects. The phase angle was measured at 5, 50 and 100 kH z using multifrequency bioimpedance analysis. The phase angles were compared among different diabetes therapy groups (untreated patients with diabetes, patients receiving oral antidiabetic drugs and patients receiving insulin therapy). Results The phase angle at 100 kH z strongly correlated with total body potassium ( r = 0.70, P = 0.001), and was therefore a good indicator of body cell mass. The phase angle at 100 kH z discriminated more strongly between patients with Type 2 diabetes and control subjects than did the phase angle at 50 kH z. Compared with control subjects, patients with Type 2 diabetes had a smaller phase angle at 100 kH z (men: 5.2° vs. 4.5°, P < 0.0001; women: 4.8° vs. 4.2°, P < 0.0001) and a smaller phase angle at 50 kH z (men: 5.9° vs. 5.3°, P < 0.0001; women: 5.4° vs. 4.8°, P = 0.0001), but a larger phase angle at 5 kH z (men: 2.0° vs. 2.6°, P = 0.0001; women: 2.3° vs. 3.0°, P = 0.00001). Phase angle ratios better discriminated between patients and control subjects than phase angles alone (phase angle at 5 kHz/ phase angle at 50 kH z ratio, P = 1.51 × 10 −16 ; phase angle at 5kHz/phase angle at 100 kHz ratio, P = 2.13 × 10 −15 ). No differences were found among phase angles in the different therapy groups. In patients with diabetes, the phase angle at 50 kH z and the phase angle at 100 kH z correlated inversely with duration of disease (men: P = 0.026, P = 0.016; women: only phase angle at 100 kH z, P = 0.003) and with HbA 1c concentration (men: P = 0.010, P = 0.001; women: P = 0.007, P = 0.043). Conclusions The phase angle at 100 kH z is a promising measurement for assessing catabolic state in people with diabetes.