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Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of retinopathy in Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes
Author(s) -
He R.,
Shen J.,
Liu F.,
Zeng H.,
Li L.,
Yu H.,
Lu H.,
Lu F.,
Wu Q.,
Jia W.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
diabetic medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.474
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 1464-5491
pISSN - 0742-3071
DOI - 10.1111/dme.12581
Subject(s) - medicine , diabetic retinopathy , vitamin d deficiency , retinopathy , diabetes mellitus , vitamin d and neurology , odds ratio , endocrinology , type 2 diabetes , gastroenterology
Aims To investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic retinopathy. Methods In total, 1520 patients with Type 2 diabetes were recruited and divided into three groups according to their fundus oculi results: no diabetic retinopathy ( n = 625, 41.12%); non‐sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy ( n = 562, 36.97%); and sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy ( n = 333, 21.91%). Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum circulating 25–hydroxyvitamin D level < 20 ng/ml. Clinical characteristics and biochemical parameters were detected and compared. Results The patients with sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy had significantly lower serum 25–hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than other two groups (all P < 0.05). In addition, there was a downward trend in average 25–hydroxyvitamin D level with the increased stages of diabetic retinopathy ( P < 0.01). The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy in patients with vitamin D deficiency was also higher than in those without vitamin D deficiency (both P < 0.01). After adjusting for all potential confounders, vitamin D deficiency was still associated with increased risk of diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio 1.93) and sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio 2.42) (both P < 0.01). Logistical regression analysis further revealed that vitamin D deficiency was an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy (β = 0.66) and sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy (β = 0.93) (both P < 0.01). ROC analysis indicated that a serum 25–hydroxyvitamin D level < 15.57 ng/ml suggested the occurrence of sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio 2.38, P < 0 .01). Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy and sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy. The prevalence of sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy doubles when the serum 25–hydroxyvitamin D level is < 15.57 ng/ml.