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Development and validation of a parent‐report measure for detection of cognitive delay in infancy
Author(s) -
Schafer Graham,
Genesoni Lucia,
Boden Greg,
Doll Helen,
Jones Rosamond A K,
Gray Ron,
Adams Eleri,
Jefferson Ros
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
developmental medicine and child neurology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.658
H-Index - 143
eISSN - 1469-8749
pISSN - 0012-1622
DOI - 10.1111/dmcn.12565
Subject(s) - bayley scales of infant development , toddler , likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing , predictive value , gestational age , pediatrics , medicine , cognition , cognitive development , psychology , apgar score , developmental psychology , pregnancy , psychiatry , psychomotor learning , genetics , biology
Aim To develop a brief, parent‐completed instrument ( ERIC – Early Report by Infant Caregivers) for detection of cognitive delay in 10‐ to 24‐month‐olds born preterm, or of low birthweight, or with perinatal complications, and to establish ERIC 's diagnostic properties. Method Scores for ERIC were collected from the parents of 317 children meeting ≥inclusion criterion (birthweight <1500g, gestational age <34 completed weeks, 5min Apgar score <7, or presence of hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy) and no exclusion criteria. Children were assessed using a criterion score of below 80 on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development‐ III cognitive scale. Items were retained according to their individual associations with delay. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were estimated and a truncated ERIC was developed for use in children <14 months old. Results ERIC correctly detected developmental delay in 17 out of 18 children in the sample, with 94.4% sensitivity, 76.9% specificity, 19.8% positive predictive value, 99.6% negative predictive value, 4.09 likelihood ratio positive, and 0.07 likelihood ratio negative. Interpretation ERIC has potential value as a quickly administered diagnostic instrument for the absence of early cognitive delay in 10‐ to 24‐month‐old preterm infants and as a screen for cognitive delay.