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Pluripotent stem cells in the research for extraembryonic cell differentiation
Author(s) -
Toyooka Yayoi
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
development, growth and differentiation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.864
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1440-169X
pISSN - 0012-1592
DOI - 10.1111/dgd.12716
Subject(s) - biology , embryonic stem cell , induced pluripotent stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , embryoid body , stem cell , cellular differentiation , germ layer , somatic cell , inner cell mass , kosr , endoderm , cell potency , embryo , genetics , blastocyst , embryogenesis , gene
Abstract Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are pluripotent stem cell populations derived from the preimplantation embryo and are used to study the differentiation of many types of somatic and germ cells in developing embryos. They are also used to study cell lineages of extraembryonic tissues, such as the trophectoderm (TE) and the primitive endoderm (PrE). mESC cultures are suitable systems for reproducing cellular and molecular events occurring during the differentiation of these cell types, such as changes in gene expression patterns, signaling events, and genome rearrangements although the consistency between the results obtained using mESCs and those of in vivo studies on embryos should be carefully taken into account. Since TE and PrE cells can be induced from mESCs in vitro, mESC cultures are useful systems to study differentiation of these cell lineages during development, if used appropriately. In addition, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), are capable of generating extraembryonic lineages in vitro and are promising tools to study the differentiation of these lineages in the human embryo.