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Predicting individual differences in low‐income children's executive control from early to middle childhood
Author(s) -
Cybele Raver C.,
McCoy Dana Charles,
Lowenstein Amy E.,
Pess Rachel
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
developmental science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.801
H-Index - 127
eISSN - 1467-7687
pISSN - 1363-755X
DOI - 10.1111/desc.12027
Subject(s) - psychology , poverty , developmental psychology , early childhood , low income , cognition , longitudinal study , executive functions , family income , cognitive development , psychiatry , medicine , pathology , socioeconomics , sociology , economics , economic growth
The present longitudinal study tested the roles of early childhood executive control ( EC ) as well as exposure to poverty‐related adversity at family and school levels as key predictors of low‐income children's EC in elementary school ( n = 391). Findings suggest that children's EC difficulties in preschool and lower family income from early to middle childhood are robust predictors of later EC difficulties as rated by teachers in 2nd and 3rd grades. Findings also suggest enrollment in unsafe elementary schools is significantly predictive of higher levels of teacher‐rated EC difficulty, but only for those children who showed initially elevated levels of EC difficulty in early childhood. Implications for scientific models of cognitive development and poverty‐related adversity are discussed.