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Sustainable Graduation from Social Protection Programmes
Author(s) -
SabatesWheeler Rachel,
Devereux Stephen
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
development and change
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.267
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1467-7660
pISSN - 0012-155X
DOI - 10.1111/dech.12047
Subject(s) - graduation (instrument) , poverty , social protection , vulnerability (computing) , livelihood , asset (computer security) , underpinning , psychological intervention , economic growth , investment (military) , scale (ratio) , social capital , economics , business , public economics , political science , sociology , agriculture , psychology , social science , engineering , law , geography , mechanical engineering , civil engineering , computer security , psychiatry , politics , computer science , cartography , archaeology
Efforts to reduce extreme poverty by assisting poor people to cross income or asset thresholds are receiving increasing attention in social protection programming. Livelihood‐promoting interventions aim to reduce vulnerability, so that participants can manage moderate risk and ‘graduate’ from social protection provision. This article elaborates the theory of change underpinning the notion of graduation and explores the range of enabling and constraining factors that facilitate or undermine this change process, drawing on case studies from Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Rwanda. The authors distinguish ‘threshold’ graduation from ‘sustainable’ graduation and argue that multiple factors operating beyond the household level — such as market conditions, community investment and scale effects — have significant implications for the graduation potential of social protection programmes.