Open AccessThe use of species–area relationships to partition the effects of hunting and deforestation on bird extirpations in a fragmented landscape
Author(s) -
Sreekar Rachakonda,
Huang Guohualing,
Zhao JiangBo,
Pasion Bonifacio O.,
Yasuda Mika,
Zhang Kai,
Peabotuwage Indika,
Wang Ximin,
Quan RuiChang,
Ferry Slik J. W.,
Corlett Richard T.,
Goodale Eben,
Harrison Rhett D.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
diversity and distributions
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.918
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1472-4642
pISSN - 1366-9516
DOI - 10.1111/ddi.12292
Subject(s) - geography , ecology , fragmentation (computing) , guild , deforestation (computer science) , understory , biodiversity , habitat , biology , canopy , computer science , programming language
Abstract Aim Forest fragmentation is often accompanied by an increase in hunting intensity. Both factors are known drivers of species extirpations, but understanding of their independent effects is poor. Our goal was to partition the effects of hunting and fragmentation on bird species extirpations and to identify bird traits that make species more vulnerable to these two stressors. Location Menglun, Yunnan, SW China Methods We studied the landscape within 10 km radius of Menglun town, where forests have become highly fragmented by monoculture rubber plantations. We compiled data on birds recorded between 1954 and 1983 before forest loss and compared it with a checklist prepared between 2011 and 2014. We used countryside and matrix‐calibrated species–area models ( SAM s) to estimate the observed slope of forest bird extirpations in Menglun and compared it with the slope expected in the absence of hunting. We also investigated six ecological traits to determine those that best explained bird extirpation probability (EP). Results We found that 34% of the bird fauna had been extirpated from the study landscape, and the estimated slopes of countryside and matrix‐calibrated SAM s for forest birds were around 1.4 and 1.7 times higher, respectively, than the 0.35 expected without hunting. Bird EP was strongly associated with size, and understorey insectivores that are known to be susceptible to fragmentation were less susceptible to hunting than frugivores. Given evidence of past and present hunting activity in the area, and the lack of support for alternative explanations, we suggest that hunting increased forest bird extirpations by around 1.3‐ to 1.6‐fold. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of using species–area relationships to separate area effects from the impacts of hunting. Our results suggest that hunting substantially increases species extirpations in tropical fragmented landscapes and conservation interventions that only target deforestation will therefore be inadequate.