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Recurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL‐positive Staphylococcus aureus strains: a challenge in clinical practice
Author(s) -
Balakirski Galina,
Hischebeth Gunnar,
Altengarten Julia,
Exner Daniel,
Bieber Thomas,
Dohmen Jonas,
Engelhart Steffen
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
jddg: journal der deutschen dermatologischen gesellschaft
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.463
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1610-0387
pISSN - 1610-0379
DOI - 10.1111/ddg.14058
Subject(s) - staphylococcus aureus , mucocutaneous zone , medicine , panton–valentine leukocidin , staphylococcal infections , outbreak , staphylococcal skin infections , regimen , disease , leukocidin , dermatology , methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus , intensive care medicine , immunology , virology , bacteria , biology , genetics
Summary Background Recurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL‐positive Staphylococcus (S.) aureus strains represent an increasing problem in Germany. Although there have been several outbreaks at day care centers and in urban communities in recent years, there are currently no diagnostic algorithms or treatment recommendations for these particular infections in Germany. Methods We performed a literature search in the PubMed/MEDLINE database with the goal of developing an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of these infections. National and international recommendations were also considered. Results Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a pore‐forming protein produced by certain S. aureus strains. Both methicillin‐susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains may carry the lukS‐lukF gene responsible for PVL production. The clinical presentation of infections caused by PVL‐positive S. aureus ranges from isolated recurrent abscesses to extensive furunculosis. Despite adequate treatment of primary infections, approximately 40 % of patients develop recurrent disease. The choice of treatment regimen is guided by the clinical presentation of the infection. In addition, some scientific literature recommends bacteriological screening of patients and their contacts, followed by decolonization of affected individuals. Conclusions The present article focuses on the pathogenesis and risk factors of recurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL‐positive S. aureus strains and proposes a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for optimal patient care.