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Delayed‐type hypersensitivity to oral and parenteral drugs
Author(s) -
Brandt Oliver,
Bircher Andreas J.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
jddg: journal der deutschen dermatologischen gesellschaft
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.463
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1610-0387
pISSN - 1610-0379
DOI - 10.1111/ddg.13362
Subject(s) - medicine , allopurinol , hypersensitivity reaction , drug , drug reaction , polypharmacy , antibiotics , xanthine oxidase , nitrofurantoin , pharmacology , drug allergy , dermatology , immunology , biochemistry , chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , enzyme , ciprofloxacin
Summary Adverse drug reactions of the delayed type rank among the most common dermatoses and are predominantly characterized by exanthematous macular or maculopapular eruptions. However, approximately 2 % of affected individuals develop severe or even life‐threatening systemic immune reactions associated with organ involvement, requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment. Numerous drugs are capable of eliciting delayed‐type hypersensitivity reactions, with antibiotics, anticonvulsant drugs, and the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol being the most common. Apart from genetic susceptibility, predisposing factors for the development of drug hypersensitivity reactions include high drug doses, polypharmacy, long treatment duration, female gender, as well as acute or chronic infections.