Open AccessUnderstanding the co‐occurrence of tree loss and modern slavery to improve efficacy of conservation actions and policies
Author(s) -
Jackson Bethany,
Decker Sparks Jessica L.,
Brown Chloe,
Boyd Doreen S.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
conservation science and practice
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2578-4854
DOI - 10.1111/csp2.183
Subject(s) - deforestation (computer science) , nexus (standard) , subsistence agriculture , logging , ecosystem services , agriculture , sustainable development , natural resource economics , limiting , tree (set theory) , environmental resource management , agroforestry , geography , development economics , environmental protection , ecosystem , political science , economics , forestry , ecology , law , environmental science , biology , archaeology , mechanical engineering , engineering , computer science , embedded system , mathematical analysis , mathematics , programming language
Locations where populations are most reliant on forests and their ecosystem services for subsistence and development are also areas where modern slavery persists. These issues are noted within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), both target 15.2 and 8.7 respectively. Often activities using slavery perpetuate deforestation, bolstering a slavery‐environment nexus; which has been examined by comparing modern slavery estimates against environmental protection levels. This study assesses the relationship between tree loss and modern slavery focusing on four countries: Brazil, Ghana, Indonesia, and Mozambique. Previously mapped levels of tree loss and predicted future levels of loss have been compared against modern slavery estimates from the Global Slavery Index 2016 and illegal logging analyses to determine an estimate of the risk for slavery related tree loss. These results provide an insight in to the co‐occurrence between modern slavery and tree loss due to a number of activities that are highlighted, including mining, illegal logging, and agricultural practices. The co‐occurrence is both complex, and yet, beyond coincidental. Implications for both national and global policy are noted assessing the benefits that could be achieved by limiting tree loss and ending modern slavery; of benefit to both the conservation and antislavery communities.