Utility of bronchoscopy in the definitive diagnosis of patients with haematological malignancies presenting with radiological abnormalities

Abstract Introduction Patients with haematological malignancies usually have a plethora of respiratory complications. Bronchoscopy is one of the most important procedures used to diagnose respiratory complications. Despite enormous benefit, patients should be carefully selected for bronchoscopy as the process is invasive; however, there are only few reports evaluating the contributing factors of bronchoscopy that result in the definitive diagnosis of respiratory complications in these patients. Objective This study aimed to elucidate and identify the contributing factors of bronchoscopy for definitive diagnosis in patients with haematological malignancies. Methods We retrospectively analysed 275 patients with haematological malignancies who later showed respiratory complications, requiring consultation with pulmonologists. We found that 62 patients underwent bronchoscopy. Our data analysis focused on this particular subset of patients to identify the factors crucial for definitive diagnosis via bronchoscopy. Results Bronchoscopy provided definitive diagnosis for 25 patients (diagnostic yield = 40.3%). We determined that nodular shadow was associated with high diagnostic yields by multivariate logistic regression [odds ratio (OR): 6.6 (2.1‐23)]. Furthermore, in several bronchoscopic procedures, biopsy also contributed to definitive diagnosis of patients with nodular shadow [OR: 17 (1.5‐180)]. Life‐threatening complications were not observed due to bronchoscopy in our study. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that patients with haematological malignancies who showed lung nodular shadows are more likely to be definitively diagnosed by bronchoscopy, whereas transbronchial biopsy may also be beneficial for these patients.