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The impact of predive exercise on repetitive SCUBA diving
Author(s) -
Madden Dennis,
Barak Otto,
Thom Stephen R.,
Yang Ming,
Bhopale Veena M.,
Ljubkovic Marko,
Dujic Zeljko
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
clinical physiology and functional imaging
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.608
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1475-097X
pISSN - 1475-0961
DOI - 10.1111/cpf.12213
Subject(s) - medicine , scuba diving , significant difference , venous blood , cardiology , anesthesia , physical therapy , oceanography , geology
Summary Aim SCUBA diving frequently involves repetitive exposures. The goal of this study was to see how exercise impacts microparticles ( MP s), endothelial function and venous gas emboli ( VGE ) throughout multiple dives. Methods Sixteen divers in two groups (G1 and G2) each completed six dives, three preceded by exercise ( EX ) and three as controls ( CON ). Blood for MP analysis was collected before and after each dive. VGE were monitored via transthoracic echocardiography 30, 60 and 90 min after surfacing. Exercise before diving consisted of 60‐min running including eight, 3‐min intervals at 90% VO 2max . Results Exercise did not have a significant impact on VGE . There was no significant difference in MP counts between EX and CON . Both groups experienced a significant decrease in MP counts in the last three dives compared to the first three (G1 P = 0·0008, G2 P = 0001). Other indices of neutrophil/platelet interaction (dual‐positive CD 63/41 and CD 62/41) show a significant increase ( P = 0·004 and 0·0001) in G2. Conclusion Both groups experienced a significant decrease in MP s at all measurements in the second series of dives compared to the first, regardless of the placement of exercise. Whether this is related to an effect of suppression of MP s or exercise timing is not clear.