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Treatment options to improve anorectal function following rectal resection: a systematic review
Author(s) -
Maris A.,
Devreese A. M.,
D’Hoore A.,
Penninckx F.,
Staes F.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
colorectal disease
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.029
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1463-1318
pISSN - 1462-8910
DOI - 10.1111/codi.12036
Subject(s) - medicine , cinahl , pelvic floor , cochrane library , quality of life (healthcare) , fecal incontinence , medline , anorectal manometry , randomized controlled trial , rectum , physical therapy , defecation , surgery , psychological intervention , nursing , political science , law
Aim Common problems after rectal resection are loose stools, faecal incontinence, increased frequency and evacuation difficulties, for which there are various therapeutic options. A systematic review was conducted to assess the outcome of treatment options aimed to improve anorectal function after rectal surgery. Method Publications including a therapeutic approach to improve anorectal function after rectal surgery were searched using the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Pedro, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsychInfo and the Cochrane Library. The focus was on outcome parameters of symptomatic improvement of faecal incontinence, evaluation of defaecation and quality of life. Results The degree of agreement on eligibility and methodological quality between reviewers calculated with kappa was 0.85. Fifteen studies were included. Treatment options included pelvic floor re‐education ( n = 7), colonic irrigation ( n = 2) and sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) ( n = 6). Nine studies reported reduced incontinence scores and a decreased number of incontinent episodes. In 10 studies an improvement in resting and squeeze pressure was observed after treatment with pelvic floor re‐education or SNS. Three studies reported improved quality of life after pelvic floor re‐education. Significant improvement of the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale was found in three studies after SNS. Conclusion Conservative therapies such as pelvic floor re‐education and colonic irrigation can improve anorectal function. SNS might be an effective solution in selected patients. However, methodologically qualitative studies are limited and randomized controlled trials are needed to draw evidence‐based conclusions.