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Optoacoustic mesoscopy shows potential to increase accuracy of allergy patch testing
Author(s) -
Hindelang Benedikt,
Aguirre Juan,
Berezhnoi Andrei,
He Hailong,
Eyerich Kilian,
Ntziachristos Vasilis,
Biedermann Tilo,
Darsow Ulf
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
contact dermatitis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.524
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0536
pISSN - 0105-1873
DOI - 10.1111/cod.13563
Subject(s) - medicine , patch test , confidence interval , skin reaction , allergy , edema , dermatology , immunology
Background Differentiation between irritant and allergic skin reactions in epicutaneous patch testing is based largely on subjective clinical criteria, with the risk of high intraobserver and interobserver variability. Novel dermatological imaging using optoacoustic mesoscopy allows quantitative three‐dimensional assessment of microvascular biomarkers. Objectives We investigated the potential of optoacoustic imaging to improve the precision of patch test evaluation. Methods Sixty‐nine test reactions and 48 healthy skin sections in 52 patients with suspected type IV allergy were examined using raster‐scan optoacoustic mesoscopy. Results We identified biomarkers from the optoacoustic images. Allergic reactions were associated with higher fragmentation of skin vasculature than irritant reactions (19.5 ± 9.7 vs 14.3 ± 3.7 fragments/100 pixels 2 ; P < .05), as well as lower ratio of low‐ to high‐frequency acoustic signals (1.6 ± 0.5 vs 2.0 ± 0.6, P < .05). Allergic reactions graded “++” showed higher vessel fragmentation than reactions graded “+” (25.4 ± 13.2 vs 17.1 ± 6.5 fragments/100 pixels 2 ; P < .05). A linear model combining the biomarkers fragmentation and frequency ratio could differentiate allergic from irritant test reactions with an area under the receiving operator characteristic curve of 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.64‐0.91), reaching a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 63%. Conclusions Optoacoustic mesoscopy shows potential to help in differentiating between allergic and irritant test reactions based on novel biomarkers that may reflect vasodilation, vessel tortuosity, and edema.