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Non‐oxidative hair dye products on the European market: What do they contain?
Author(s) -
Hedberg Yolanda S.,
Uter Wolfgang,
Banerjee Piu,
Lind MarieLouise,
Skovvang Steengaard Sanne,
Teo Ying,
Lidén Carola
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
contact dermatitis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.524
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0536
pISSN - 0105-1873
DOI - 10.1111/cod.13074
Subject(s) - hair dyes , oxidative phosphorylation , contact allergy , dyeing , cosmetics , p phenylenediamine , chemistry , allergic contact dermatitis , sun protection , european market , dermatology , contact dermatitis , food science , medicine , organic chemistry , biochemistry , allergy , business , immunology , international trade
Background Hair dyeing is very common and may cause allergic contact dermatitis. Oxidative (often termed permanent or semi‐permanent) hair dye products have constituted the focus of market surveys and toxicological risk assessments, while non‐oxidative (semi‐permanent, temporary or direct) products have not been assessed. Objectives To identify the hair dye substances presently used in non‐oxidative hair dye products in Europe. Methods Ingredient label data on eligible products in 5 European countries were collected, and 289 different non‐oxidative hair dye products were included in this study. Results Up to 9 hair dye substances were present in each product. Sixty‐eight individual hair dye substances were identified on the 289 product labels, and their occurrence ranged from 0.3% to 34%. There were differences concerning substances used and their number per product between products of different consistency and colour. Conclusions The hair dye substances in non‐oxidative hair dye products are different from those in oxidative hair dye products, and are currently not covered by patch test series. The toxicological and skin‐sensitizing profile of the substances in non‐oxidative hair dye products, as well as their concentrations, should be further investigated.