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Acetophenone azine: a new allergen responsible for severe contact dermatitis from shin pads
Author(s) -
RaisonPeyron Nadia,
Bergendorff Ola,
Bourrain Jean Luc,
Bruze Magnus
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
contact dermatitis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.524
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0536
pISSN - 0105-1873
DOI - 10.1111/cod.12579
Subject(s) - acetophenone , azine , chemistry , contact dermatitis , chromatography , allergen , organic chemistry , nuclear chemistry , medicine , allergy , immunology , catalysis
Summary Background Contact dermatitis resulting from the use of shin pads is usually caused by rubber components, dyes, benzoyl peroxide, or formaldehyde resins. Objectives To investigate and identify a new allergen in shin pads that was responsible for severe contact dermatitis in a young football player. Methods High‐performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) of samples of shin pads was performed. The boy was patch tested with pieces of shin pads and with acetophenone azine, a chemical substance identified by HPLC in the foam of the shin pads. Results HPLC identified acetophenone azine at concentrations of approximately 20 µg/g of shin pad samples. Patch tests gave strongly positive reactions to pieces of shin pads and to acetophenone azine down to 0.001% in acetone, whereas acetophenone and hydrazine sulfate were both negative. Twenty controls were negative for acetophenone azine 0.01% in acetone. Conclusions Acetophenone azine is a new, strong allergen of shin pads, and more generally of other sport equipment based on ethylene vinyl acetate. It may be used as a biocide, but this has to be confirmed. Further investigations are needed to understand factors such as exposure, cross‐reaction patterns, metabolism, and the optimal patch test preparation.