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Contact allergy to essential oils cannot always be predicted from allergy to fragrance markers in the baseline series
Author(s) -
Sabroe Ruth A.,
Holden Catherine R.,
Gawkrodger David J.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
contact dermatitis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.524
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0536
pISSN - 0105-1873
DOI - 10.1111/cod.12528
Subject(s) - melaleuca alternifolia , essential oil , tea tree oil , eucalyptol , linalool , allergic contact dermatitis , contact allergy , limonene , santalum album , allergy , contact dermatitis , medicine , dermatology , traditional medicine , chemistry , food science , botany , biology , immunology
Summary Background Essential oils are fragrance substances that are labelled on cosmetic products by their INCI names, potentially confusing consumers. Objectives To establish whether contact allergy to essential oils might be missed if not specifically tested for. Methods We tested 471 patients with 14 essential oils and 2104 patients with Melaleuca alternifolia oil between January 2008 and June 2014. All patients were tested with fragrance mix I, fragrance mix II, hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, and Myroxylon pereirae . Three hundred and twenty‐six patients were tested with hydroperoxides of limonene and linalool. Results Thirty‐four patients had a +/++/+++ reaction to at least one essential oil. Eleven had no reaction to any of the six marker fragrance substances. Thus, 4 of 11 positive reactions to M. alternifolia oil, 2 of 7 reactions to Cymbopogon flexuosus oil, 1 of 5 reactions to Cananga odorata oil, 3 of 4 reactions to Santalum album oil and 2 of 3 reactions to Mentha piperita oil would have been missed without individual testing. Conclusion A small number of patients who are allergic to essential oils could be missed if these are not specifically tested. Labelling by INCI names means that exposure may not be obvious. Careful inspection of so‐called ‘natural’ products and targeted testing is recommended.