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Are gloves sufficiently protective when hairdressers are exposed to permanent hair dyes? An in vivo study
Author(s) -
Antelmi Annarita,
Young Ewa,
Svedman Cecilia,
Zimerson Erik,
Engfeldt Malin,
Foti Caterina,
Bruze Magnus
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
contact dermatitis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.524
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0536
pISSN - 0105-1873
DOI - 10.1111/cod.12320
Subject(s) - hair dyes , allergic contact dermatitis , provocation test , natural rubber , patch test , contact dermatitis , occupational exposure , medicine , dermatology , chemistry , allergy , organic chemistry , immunology , alternative medicine , pathology , dyeing , medical emergency
Summary Background The use of permanent hair dyes exposes hairdressers to contact allergens such as p ‐phenylenediamine ( PPD ), and the preventive measures are insufficient. Objectives To perform an in vivo test to study the protective effect of gloves commonly used by hairdressers. Patients/materials/methods Six gloves from Sweden, Italy and Germany were studied: two vinyl, one natural rubber latex, two nitrile, and one polyethylene. The hair dye used for the provocation was a dark shade permanent dye containing PPD . The dye was mixed with hydrogen peroxide, and 8 PPD ‐sensitized volunteers were tested with the gloves as a membrane between the hair dye and the skin in a cylindrical open chamber system. Three exposure times (15, 30 and 60 min) were used. Results Eczematous reactions were found when natural rubber latex, polyethylene and vinyl gloves were tested with the dye. The nitrile gloves gave good protection, even after 60 min of exposure to the hair dye. Conclusions Many protective gloves used by hairdressers are unsuitable for protection against the risk of elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis caused by PPD .