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Occupational contact dermatitis caused by D ‐limonene
Author(s) -
Pesonen Maria,
Suomela Sari,
Kuuliala Outi,
HenriksEckerman MajLen,
AaltoKorte Kristiina
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
contact dermatitis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.524
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0536
pISSN - 0105-1873
DOI - 10.1111/cod.12287
Subject(s) - limonene , contact allergy , allergic contact dermatitis , allergy , cosmetics , contact dermatitis , occupational exposure , medicine , dermatology , chemistry , food science , organic chemistry , environmental health , essential oil , immunology
Summary Background Limonene is widely used as a fragrance substance and solvent in cleansing products. Oxidized limonene is a frequent contact allergen among consumers of cosmetics, personal care products, and scented household cleaning products. Less is known about the sources of occupational exposure and occupational contact dermatitis caused by limonene. Objective To report 14 patients with occupational contact allergy to limonene. Methods The patients were examined in 2008–2013. An in‐house preparation of oxidized limonene was patch tested as 3% and 5% in petrolatum from 2008 to August 2010, and after this as 3%, 1% and 0.3% pet. From 2012 onwards, a commercial test substance of limonene hydroperoxides was also used. We assessed the patients' occupational and domestic exposure to limonene. Results Occupational limonene allergy was observed in workers who used limonene‐containing machine‐cleaning detergents and hand cleansers, and in workers who used limonene‐containing surface cleaners and dishwashing liquids similar to those used by consumers. In 3 cases, the occupational limonene allergy resulted from work‐related use of limonene‐containing, leave‐on cosmetic products. Conclusions Limonene is a frequent occupational sensitizer in hand cleansers and cleaning products. Occupational limonene contact allergy may also be caused by exposure to cosmetic products scented with limonene.