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Usage test with palladium‐coated earrings in patients with contact allergy to palladium and nickel
Author(s) -
Tillman Cecilia,
Engfeldt Malin,
Hindsén Monica,
Bruze Magnus
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
contact dermatitis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.524
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0536
pISSN - 0105-1873
DOI - 10.1111/cod.12118
Subject(s) - palladium , patch test , nickel , allergy , medicine , contact dermatitis , contact allergy , allergic contact dermatitis , immunology , metallurgy , materials science , chemistry , organic chemistry , catalysis
Summary Background Since the EU N ickel D irective came into force, concern has been raised that palladium may increasingly replace nickel in alloys used in jewellery and dentistry, and that it may cause as many allergy problems as nickel. Objectives (i) To investigate the clinical relevance of contact allergy to palladium resulting from the wearing of palladium‐coated earrings, and (ii) to evaluate the concordance in test results between palladium chloride ( PdCl 2 ), sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na 2 PdCl 4 ), and nickel( II ) sulfate hexahydrate ( NiSO 4 . 6H 2 O ), as well as variability in patch test reactivity. Materials/methods Forty female patients with pierced earlobes and previously known contact allergy to palladium and nickel were patch tested with dilution series of nickel and palladium salts. They wore earrings covered with palladium and titanium for 9 weeks to monitor the appearance of any clinical manifestations. Result/conclusion There is a low risk of eczema in palladium‐allergic and nickel‐allergic individuals when they wear jewellery coated with pure palladium, but further studies are needed to determine whether palladium, when present in alloys, could cause allergic reactions. PdCl 2 , like NiSO 4 . 6H 2 O , shows variability in patch test reactivity over time. Furthermore, Na 2 PdCl 4 seems to be a more sensitive test substance than PdCl 2 for the detection of palladium allergy.