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Sensitizing capacity of D isperse O range 1 and its potential metabolites from azo reduction and their cross‐reactivity pattern
Author(s) -
Malinauskiene Laura,
Zimerson Erik,
Bruze Magnus,
Ryberg Kristina,
Isaksson Marlene
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
contact dermatitis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.524
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0536
pISSN - 0105-1873
DOI - 10.1111/cod.12078
Subject(s) - orange (colour) , chemistry , reactivity (psychology) , organic chemistry , nuclear chemistry , chromatography , photochemistry , food science , medicine , alternative medicine , pathology
Background Simultaneous contact allergies to D isperse O range 1, 4‐nitroaniline and p ‐aminodiphenylamine ( PADPA ), as well as to other disperse azo dyes and to p ‐phenylenediamine ( PPD ), have been reported. Cross‐reactivity is one of the possible explanations for simultaneous reactions between PPD and disperse azo dyes. Some metabolites from the azo reduction of these disperse azo dyes could be sensitizers, as human skin bacteria produce azo reductases. Objectives To investigate the sensitizing capacity of D isperse O range 1, PADPA and 4‐nitroaniline, and the cross‐reactivity between these substances and D isperse Y ellow 3, its potential metabolites from azo reduction (4‐aminoacetanilide and 2‐amino‐ p ‐cresol), and PPD . Method The guinea‐pig maximization test was used. Results It was found that both D isperse O range 1 and PADPA are strong sensitizers and cross‐react with each other. We were unable to sensitize guinea‐pigs with 4‐nitroaniline tested in equimolar concentrations to D isperse O range 1. Conclusions The results indicate that patients sensitized primarily to D isperse O range 1 will also react to PADPA , which can be found mainly in hair dyes. PPD , 4‐nitroaniline, 4‐aminoacetanilide, 2‐amino‐ p ‐cresol and D isperse Y ellow 3 did not show any cross‐reactivity with D isperse O range 1 or PADPA .