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Genomic erosion in a demographically recovered bird species during conservation rescue
Author(s) -
Jackson Hazel A.,
PercivalAlwyn Lawrence,
Ryan Camilla,
Albeshr Mohammed F.,
Venturi Luca,
Morales Hernán E.,
Mathers Thomas C.,
Cocker Jonathan,
Speak Samuel A.,
Accinelli Gonzalo G.,
Barker Tom,
Heavens Darren,
Willman Faye,
Dawson Deborah,
Ward Lauren,
Tatayah Vikash,
Zuël Nicholas,
Young Richard,
Concan Lianne,
Whitford Harriet,
Clavijo Bernardo,
Bunbury Nancy,
Tyler Kevin M.,
Ruhomaun Kevin,
Grace Molly K.,
Bruford Michael W.,
Jones Carl G.,
Tollington Simon,
Bell Diana J.,
Groombridge Jim J.,
Clark Matt,
Van Oosterhout Cock
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
conservation biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.2
H-Index - 222
eISSN - 1523-1739
pISSN - 0888-8892
DOI - 10.1111/cobi.13918
Subject(s) - biology , population bottleneck , population , effective population size , conservation genetics , inbreeding depression , iucn red list , minimum viable population , captive breeding , inbreeding , population size , genetic variation , genetic monitoring , genetic diversity , population viability analysis , endangered species , small population size , population fragmentation , ecology , microsatellite , demography , allele , genetics , habitat , sociology , gene
The pink pigeon ( Nesoenas mayeri ) is an endemic species of Mauritius that has made a remarkable recovery after a severe population bottleneck in the 1970s to early 1990s. Prior to this bottleneck, an ex situ population was established from which captive‐bred individuals were released into free‐living subpopulations to increase population size and genetic variation. This conservation rescue led to rapid population recovery to 400–480 individuals, and the species was twice downlisted on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. We analyzed the impacts of the bottleneck and genetic rescue on neutral genetic variation during and after population recovery (1993–2008) with restriction site‐associated sequencing, microsatellite analyses, and quantitative genetic analysis of studbook data of 1112 birds from zoos in Europe and the United States. We used computer simulations to study the predicted changes in genetic variation and population viability from the past into the future. Genetic variation declined rapidly, despite the population rebound, and the effective population size was approximately an order of magnitude smaller than census size. The species carried a high genetic load of circa 15 lethal equivalents for longevity. Our computer simulations predicted continued inbreeding will likely result in increased expression of deleterious mutations (i.e., a high realized load) and severe inbreeding depression. Without continued conservation actions, it is likely that the pink pigeon will go extinct in the wild within 100 years. Conservation rescue of the pink pigeon has been instrumental in the recovery of the free‐living population. However, further genetic rescue with captive‐bred birds from zoos is required to recover lost variation, reduce expression of harmful deleterious variation, and prevent extinction. The use of genomics and modeling data can inform IUCN assessments of the viability and extinction risk of species, and it helps in assessments of the conservation dependency of populations.