Open AccessEffect of stress‐induced hyperglycemia after non‐traumatic non‐aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage on clinical complications and functional outcomes
Author(s) -
Zhang Zeyu,
Zhao Yue,
Liu Yibo,
Wang Xiaoyu,
Xu Houshi,
Fang Yuanjian,
Zhang Anke,
Lenahan Cameron,
Luo Yujie,
Chen Sheng
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
cns neuroscience and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.403
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 1755-5949
pISSN - 1755-5930
DOI - 10.1111/cns.13826
Subject(s) - medicine , subarachnoid hemorrhage , modified rankin scale , intraventricular hemorrhage , cerebral vasospasm , vasospasm , glasgow outcome scale , complication , anesthesia , hydrocephalus , aneurysm , traumatic brain injury , surgery , glasgow coma scale , ischemia , ischemic stroke , pregnancy , psychiatry , biology , genetics , gestational age
Background Despite having an overall benign course, non‐traumatic non‐aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (naSAH) is still accompanied by a risk of clinical complications and poor outcomes. Risk factors and mechanisms of complications and poor outcomes after naSAH remain unknown. Our aim was to explore the effect of stress‐induced hyperglycemia (SIH) on complication rates and functional outcomes in naSAH patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients with naSAH admitted to our institution between 2013 and 2018. SIH was identified according to previous criterion. Symptomatic vasospasm, delayed cerebral infarction, and hydrocephalus were identified as main complications. Outcomes were reviewed using a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge, 3 months, and 12 months. A statistical analysis was conducted to reveal the associations of SIH with complications and outcomes. Results A total of 244 naSAH patients were included in the cohort with 74 (30.3%) SIH. After adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, Hunt and Hess (HH) grade, modified Fisher Scale (mFS), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and subarachnoid blood distribution, SIH was significantly associated with symptomatic vasospasm ( p < 0.001, 12.176 [4.904–30.231]), delayed cerebral infarction ( p < 0.001, 12.434 [3.850–40.161]), hydrocephalus ( p = 0.008, 5.771 [1.570–21.222]), and poor outcome at 12 months ( p = 0.006, 5.506 [1.632–18.581]), whereas the correlation between SIH and poor outcome at discharge ( p = 0.064, 2.409 [0.951–6.100]) or 3 months ( p = 0.110, 2.029 [0.852–4.833]) was not significant. Incorporation of SIH increased the area under curve (AUC) of ROC in the combined model for predicting symptomatic vasospasm ( p = 0.002), delayed cerebral infarction ( p = 0.024), hydrocephalus ( p = 0.037), and 12‐month poor outcome ( p = 0.087). Conclusions SIH is a significant and independent risk factor for symptomatic vasospasm, delayed cerebral infarction, hydrocephalus, and long‐term poor outcome in naSAH patients. Identifying SIH early after naSAH is important for decision‐making and treatment planning.