Open AccessEffect of axitinib regulating the pathological blood–brain barrier functional recovery for glioblastoma therapeutics
Author(s) -
Zhang Fengtian,
Wen Lijuan,
Wang Kai,
Huang Zhihua,
Jin Xiangyu,
Xiong Ruiwen,
He Shiying,
Hu Fuqiang
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
cns neuroscience and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.403
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 1755-5949
pISSN - 1755-5930
DOI - 10.1111/cns.13788
Subject(s) - axitinib , blood–brain barrier , medicine , pathological , pharmacology , in vivo , cancer research , pathology , central nervous system , biology , sunitinib , cancer , microbiology and biotechnology
Aims Dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a prominent pathological feature of glioblastoma (GBM). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is confirmed to be abnormally elevated in the pathogenesis of GBM, causing BBB pathological disruption, which further allows the leakage of neurotoxic blood‐derived molecules into the central nervous system (CNS), interfering brain homeostasis and leading to poor patient outcome. Since BBB is an integral and pivotal part of the brain microenvironment, which strongly supports the occurrence and the pathological progression of GBM, here we have selected the VEGFR antagonist axitinib as a BBB functional regulator and hypothesized to regulate pathological BBB restoration for GBM effective treatment. Methods The pathological BBB cell model was constructed to investigate the timeliness and dose effect of axitinib regulating pathological BBB restoration. In order to investigate the efficacy and safety of axitinib regulating pathological BBB restoration for anti‐GBM treatment, the orthotropic GBM‐bearing mice model was established for in vivo study, and bioluminescent imaging was used to real‐time and noninvasively monitor tumor growth response in vivo, and survival time was also recorded. Results Axitinib under non‐cytotoxic dosage regulated pathological BBB restoration in a time‐dependent mode, and multiple intervention of axitinib could realize a visible restoration of pathological BBB in vitro. Moreover, axitinib treatment restored pathological BBB in orthotropic GBM‐bearing mice. We further confirmed that functional restoration of pathological BBB with axitinib had certain curative effect in prolonging median survival of orthotropic GBM‐bearing mice at non‐cytotoxic dosages in vivo. Conclusion The mechanism of axitinib involved in BBB functional regulation in the treatment of GBM is first illuminated in this report; moreover, this is the first report first referring to regulating pathological BBB functional recovery for GBM effective therapeutics. Overall, the view of regulating pathological BBB functional recovery may offer a novel sight for other CNS diseases relating to BBB permeability effective therapeutics.