Open AccessThe evolving role of neuro‐immune interaction in brain repair after cerebral ischemic stroke
Author(s) -
Wang Xin,
Xuan Wei,
Zhu ZiYu,
Li Yan,
Zhu Hao,
Zhu Ling,
Fu DanYun,
Yang LiQun,
Li PeiYing,
Yu WeiFeng
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
cns neuroscience and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.403
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 1755-5949
pISSN - 1755-5930
DOI - 10.1111/cns.13077
Subject(s) - neuroinflammation , stroke (engine) , neuroscience , neurogenesis , microglia , medicine , immune system , remyelination , neuroprotection , stroke recovery , inflammation , central nervous system , immunology , biology , myelin , rehabilitation , engineering , mechanical engineering
Summary Stroke is the world's leading cause of disability with limited brain repair treatments which effectively improve long‐term neurological deficits. The neuroinflammatory responses persist into the late repair phase of stroke and participate in all brain repair elements, including neurogenesis, angiogenesis, synaptogenesis, remyelination and axonal sprouting, shedding new light on post–stroke brain recovery. Resident brain glial cells, such as astrocytes not only contribute to neuroinflammation after stroke, but also secrete a wide range of trophic factors that can promote post–stroke brain repair. Alternatively, activated microglia, monocytes, and neutrophils in the innate immune system, traditionally considered as major damaging factors after stroke, have been suggested to be extensively involved in brain repair after stroke. The adaptive immune system may also have its bright side during the late regenerative phase, affecting the immune suppressive regulatory T cells and B cells. This review summarizes the recent findings in the evolving role of neuroinflammation in multiple post–stroke brain repair mechanisms and poses unanswered questions that may generate new directions for future research and give rise to novel therapeutic targets to improve stroke recovery.