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Summary  The Mirror Neuron System ( MNS ) plays a crucial role in action perception and imitative behavior, which is suggested to be impaired in Autism Spectrum Disorders ( ASD s). In this review, we discuss the plausibility and empirical evidence of a neural interaction between the  MNS , action perception, empathy, imitative behavior, and their impact on social decision making in  ASD s. To date, there is no consensus regarding a particular theory in  ASD s and its underlying mechanisms. Some theories have completely focused on social difficulties, others have emphasized sensory aspects. Based on the current studies, we suggest a multilayer neural network model including the  MNS  on a first layer and transforming this information to a higher layer network responsible for reasoning. Future studies with  ASD  participants combining behavioral tasks with neuroimaging methods and transcranial brain stimulation as well as computational modeling can help validate and complement this suggested model. Moreover, we propose applying the behavioral paradigms, and the neurophysiological markers mentioned in this review article for evaluating psychiatric treatment approaches in  ASD s. The investigation of modulating effects of different treatment approaches on the neurophysiological markers of the  MNS  can help find specific subgroups of  ASD s patients and support tailored psychiatric interventions.

Social decision making in autism: On the impact of mirror neurons, motor control, and imitative behaviors