Open AccessTLR 3 ligand Poly IC Attenuates Reactive Astrogliosis and Improves Recovery of Rats after Focal Cerebral Ischemia
Author(s) -
Li Yang,
Xu XuLin,
Zhao Dan,
Pan LinNa,
Huang ChunWei,
Guo LianJun,
Lu Qing,
Wang Jian
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
cns neuroscience and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.403
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 1755-5949
pISSN - 1755-5930
DOI - 10.1111/cns.12469
Subject(s) - astrogliosis , astrocyte , glial fibrillary acidic protein , neuroprotection , pharmacology , gliosis , ischemia , downregulation and upregulation , medicine , chemistry , brain ischemia , immunology , pathology , endocrinology , central nervous system , biochemistry , immunohistochemistry , gene
Summary Aims Brain ischemia activates astrocytes in a process known as astrogliosis. Although this process has beneficial effects, excessive astrogliosis can impair neuronal recovery. Polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (Poly IC ) has shown neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury, but whether it regulates reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation is not clear. Methods We exposed cultured astrocytes to oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation ( OGD /R) and used a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO )/reperfusion model to investigate the effects of Poly IC . Astrocyte proliferation and proliferation‐related molecules were evaluated by immunostaining and Western blotting. Neurological deficit scores, infarct volumes and neuroplasticity were evaluated in rats after transient MCAO . Results In vitro , Poly IC inhibited astrocyte proliferation, upregulated Toll‐like receptor 3 ( TLR 3) expression, upregulated interferon‐ β , and downregulated interleukin‐6 production. These changes were blocked by a neutralizing antibody against TLR 3, suggesting that Poly IC function is TLR 3‐dependent. Moreover, in the MCAO model, Poly IC attenuated reactive astrogliosis, reduced brain infarction volume, and improved neurological function. In addition, Poly IC prevented MCAO ‐induced reductions in soma size, dendrite length, and number of dendritic bifurcations in cortical neurons of the infarct penumbra. Conclusions By ameliorating astrogliosis‐related damage, Poly IC is a potential therapeutic agent for attenuating neuronal damage and promoting recovery after brain ischemia.