Open AccessCholesterol shuttling is important for RNA replication of coxsackievirus B 3 and encephalomyocarditis virus
Author(s) -
Albulescu Lucian,
Wubbolts Richard,
Kuppeveld Frank J. M.,
Strating Jeroen R. P. M.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
cellular microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.542
H-Index - 138
eISSN - 1462-5822
pISSN - 1462-5814
DOI - 10.1111/cmi.12425
Subject(s) - biology , picornavirus , viral replication , endosome , virology , virus , rna , microbiology and biotechnology , origin of replication , genome , genetics , gene , intracellular
Summary Picornaviruses are a family of positive‐strand RNA viruses that includes important human and animal pathogens. Upon infection, picornaviruses induce an extensive remodelling of host cell membranes into replication organelles ( RO s), which is critical for replication. Membrane lipids and lipid remodelling processes are at the base of RO formation, yet their involvement remains largely obscure. Recently, phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate was the first lipid discovered to be important for the replication of a number of picornaviruses. Here, we investigate the role of the lipid cholesterol in picornavirus replication. We show that two picornaviruses from distinct genera that rely on different host factors for replication, namely the enterovirus coxsackievirus B 3 ( CVB 3) and the cardiovirus encephalomyocarditis virus ( EMCV ), both recruited cholesterol to their ROs . Although CVB 3 and EMCV both required cholesterol for efficient genome replication, the viruses appeared to rely on different cellular cholesterol pools. Treatments that altered the distribution of endosomal cholesterol inhibited replication of both CVB 3 and EMCV , showing the importance of endosomal cholesterol shuttling for the replication of these viruses. Summarizing, we here demonstrate the importance of cholesterol homeostasis for efficient replication of CVB 3 and EMCV .