Open AccessThe biofilm mode of life boosts the anti‐inflammatory properties of L actobacillus
Author(s) -
Rieu Aurélie,
Aoudia Nabil,
Jego Gaëtan,
Chluba Johanna,
Yousfi Nadhir,
Briandet Romain,
Deschamps Julien,
Gasquet Benoît,
Monedero Vicente,
Garrido Carmen,
Guzzo Jean
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
cellular microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.542
H-Index - 138
eISSN - 1462-5822
pISSN - 1462-5814
DOI - 10.1111/cmi.12331
Subject(s) - biofilm , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , lactobacillus casei , groel , lactobacillus , bacteria , immune system , probiotic , macrophage , inflammation , in vitro , escherichia coli , immunology , biochemistry , genetics , gene
Summary The predominant form of life for microorganisms in their natural habitats is the biofilm mode of growth. The adherence and colonization of probiotic bacteria are considered as essential factors for their immunoregulatory function in the host. Here, we show that L actobacillus casei ATCC334 adheres to and colonizes the gut of zebrafish larvae. The abundance of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of macrophages were low when inflammation was induced in probiotic‐fed animals, suggesting that these bacteria have anti‐inflammatory properties. We treated human macrophage‐differentiated monocytic THP ‐1 cells with supernatants of L . casei ATCC334 grown in either biofilm or planktonic cultures. TNF ‐α production was suppressed and the NF ‐κ B pathway was inhibited only in the presence of supernatants from biofilms. We identified GroEL as the biofilm supernatant compound responsible, at least partially, for this anti‐inflammatory effect. Gradual immunodepletion of GroEL demonstrated that the abundance of GroEL and TNF ‐α were inversely correlated. We confirmed that biofilm development in other L actobacillus species affects the immune response. The biofilms supernatants of these species also contained large amounts of GroEL . Thus, our results demonstrate that the biofilm enhances the immunomodulatory effects of L actobacillus sp. and that secreted GroEL is involved in this beneficial effect.