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Chemically modified titanium–zirconium implants in comparison with commercially pure titanium controls stimulate the early molecular pathways of bone healing
Author(s) -
Galli Silvia,
Jimbo Ryo,
Naito Yoshihito,
Berner Simon,
Dard Michel,
Wennerberg Ann
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
clinical oral implants research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.407
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1600-0501
pISSN - 0905-7161
DOI - 10.1111/clr.12947
Subject(s) - osseointegration , titanium , bone healing , implant , dentistry , downregulation and upregulation , real time polymerase chain reaction , andrology , medicine , materials science , chemistry , surgery , gene , metallurgy , biochemistry
Objectives Titanium–zirconium (TiZr) has been proposed as a mechanically stronger alternative to commercially pure titanium for oral and orthopaedic implants. However, not much is known on the osseointegration kinetics of TiZr surfaces. In this study, we aimed to identify the genetic response of bone around TiZr implants compared to pure Ti. Material and methods Microtextured and hydrophilic TiZr implants (tests) and cpTi implants grade IV (controls) were placed in the tibia of 30 New Zealand white rabbits. At 2, 4 and 12 weeks, the implants were subjected to removal torque test ( RTQ ). The expression of a panel of genes involved in the process of osseointegration was measured in the bone around the test and control implants by means of quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) and compared to the control samples. Results The controls yielded statistically significant higher RTQ at 4 weeks, but the RTQ of the tests had a larger increase between 4 and 12 weeks, when both groups reached similar values. The gene expression analysis showed that all selected markers for bone formation, bone remodelling and cytokines were significantly upregulated around TiZr implants after 2 weeks. After 4 weeks of healing, two bone formation markers were significantly more expressed in the test samples, while at 12 weeks, the expression of all genes was similar in the two groups. Conclusions TiZr implants showed comparable biomechanical outcomes to cpTi up to 12 weeks of healing. However, at early healing stages, they showed a significant upregulation of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis markers.