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Objectives  To compare in persons aged 70 years or older the clinical and inflammatory changes occurring around implants and natural teeth during and after a phase of undisturbed plaque accumulation.    Material and methods  Twenty partially edentulous participants with titanium implants refrained from oral hygiene practices while being clinically monitored in weekly intervals for 21 days. Teeth and implants were then cleaned, oral hygiene resumed, and the participants were further monitored for 3 weeks. Twelve biomarkers were assessed in gingival and peri‐implant crevicular fluid ( GCF ,  PCF ).    Results  During 3 weeks of oral hygiene abstention, the gingival index ( GI ) continuously increased. On day 21, there were significantly more sites with  GI  >1 at implants than at teeth. After restarting oral hygiene, the  GI  decreased markedly in both groups. Throughout the experiment, the plaque index was significantly higher on teeth than on implants.  The different biomarkers reacted variably.  IL ‐1β increased significantly with plaque accumulation.  IL ‐1β,  GM ‐ CSF ,  TNF ‐α, and  IFN ‐γ were significantly higher in  GCF  compared to  PCF  at day 21.  IL ‐8 decreased significantly in  GCF  up to day 14.  MIP ‐1β decreased significantly in  GCF , but not in  PCF . At the 3‐week follow‐up, the levels of all biomarkers assessed in  GCF  and  PCF  had returned to baseline values.    Conclusions  In an elderly cohort, plaque accumulation induced an inflammatory reaction around both teeth and implants. Although there was less plaque accumulation on implants, the peri‐implant mucosa showed a stronger clinical response than gingiva.

Experimental mucositis and experimental gingivitis in persons aged 70 or over. Clinical and biological responses