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Determinants of biofilm formation and cleanability of titanium surfaces
Author(s) -
Zaugg Lucia K.,
AstasovFrauenhoffer Monika,
Braissant Olivier,
HauserGerspach Irmgard,
Waltimo Tuomas,
Zitzmann Nicola U.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
clinical oral implants research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.407
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1600-0501
pISSN - 0905-7161
DOI - 10.1111/clr.12821
Subject(s) - biofilm , titanium , surface roughness , materials science , titanium alloy , alloy , metallurgy , surface finish , composite material , bacteria , genetics , biology
Objective The aim of the present study was to analyze biofilm formation on four different titanium‐based surfaces (machined titanium zirconium (TiZr) alloy, M; machined, acid‐etched TiZr alloy, mod MA ; machined, sandblasted, acid‐etched TiZr alloy, mod SLA ; and micro‐grooved titanium aluminum vanadium alloy, TAV MG ) in an experimental human model. Material and methods Custom‐made discs were mounted in individual intraoral splint housings and worn by 16 volunteers for 24 h. The safranin staining assay, isothermal microcalorimetry ( IMC ), and SEM were applied before and after surface cleaning. Results The hydrophilic surfaces mod MA and mod SLA with greater surface micro‐roughness exhibited significantly more biofilm than the hydrophobic surfaces TAV MG and M. The standardized cleaning procedure substantially reduced the biofilm mass on all surfaces. After cleaning, the IMC analyses demonstrated a longer lag time of the growth curve on TAV MG compared to mod SLA . Inter‐ and intraindividual variations in biofilm formation on the titanium discs were evident throughout the study. Conclusions Surface hydrophilicity and roughness enhanced biofilm formation in vivo , whereas surface topography was the most influential factor that determined surface cleanability. While the grooved surface retained larger amounts of initial biofilm, the machined surface was easier to clean, but proliferation indicated by increased metabolic activity (growth rate) in IMC occurred despite mechanical biofilm removal.