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Dental implant surface chemistry and energy alter macrophage activation in vitro
Author(s) -
Hotchkiss Kelly M.,
Ayad Nancy B.,
Hyzy Sharon L.,
Boyan Barbara D.,
OlivaresNavarrete Rene
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
clinical oral implants research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.407
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1600-0501
pISSN - 0905-7161
DOI - 10.1111/clr.12814
Subject(s) - titanium , surface energy , chemistry , surface modification , implant , in vitro , materials science , nuclear chemistry , biophysics , composite material , biochemistry , surgery , organic chemistry , biology , medicine
Objectives To determine the effects of dental implant surface chemistry and energy on macrophage activation in vitro . Materials and Methods Disks made from two clinically used implant materials (titanium [Ti], titanium zirconium alloy [TiZr]) were produced with two different surface treatments (sandblast/acid‐etch [ SLA ], hydrophilic‐ SLA [mod SLA ]). Surface roughness, energy, and chemistry were characterized. Primary murine macrophages were isolated from 6‐ to 8‐week‐old male C57Bl/6 mice and cultured on test surfaces (Ti SLA , TiZr SLA , Ti mod SLA , TiZr mod SLA ) or control tissue culture polystyrene. m RNA was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction after 24 h of culture. Pro‐ ( IL ‐1β, IL ‐6, and TNF ‐α) and anti‐inflammatory ( IL ‐4, IL ‐10) protein levels were measured by ELISA after 1 or 3 days of culture. Results Quantitatively, microroughness was similar on all surfaces. Qualitatively, nanostructures were present on mod SLA surfaces that were denser on Ti than on TiZr. mod SLA surfaces were determined hydrophilic (high‐energy surface) while SLA surfaces were hydrophobic (low‐energy surface). Cells on high‐energy surfaces had higher levels of m RNA from anti‐inflammatory markers characteristic of M2 activation compared to cells on low‐energy surfaces. This effect was enhanced on the TiZr surfaces when compared to cells on Ti SLA and Ti mod SLA . Macrophages cultured on TiZr SLA and mod SLA surfaces released more anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions The combination of high‐energy and altered surface chemistry present on TiZr mod SLA was able to influence macrophages to produce the greatest anti‐inflammatory microenvironment and reduce extended pro‐inflammatory factor release.